NOBLE PRIZE 2019

                                              NOBLE PRIZE 2019
                                         

History :- THE Noble Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, or scientific or cultural advances. The will of the Swedish chemist , engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel established the five Nobel prizes in 1895.The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901. The prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields. 

Noble Prize
Awarded for	Outstanding contributions for humanity in chemistry, literature, peace, physics, and physiology or medicine
Country	1.Sweden(all prizes except the Peace Prize) 2.Norway      (Peace Prize only)
Presented by	·        Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or Medicine) ·        Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace) ·        Royal Swedish Academy o9f Sciences (Chemistry, Economic Sciences, Physics) ·        Swedish Academy (Literature)
Rewards	Prize money of 9 Million SEK, A Medal and A Diploma
First Awarded	1901; 118 years ago
Number of laureates	590 Prizes to 935 laureates (as of 2018)

                                                   
 DOWNLOAD FILE:- NOBLE PRIZE 2019(PDF)

1.The Nobel Prize in Physiology

or Medicine 2019:- Announcement of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine by Professor Thomas Perlmann, Secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, on 7 October 2019.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability."

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       William G. Kaelin Jr.                          Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe                 Gregg L. Semenza

William G. Kaelin Jr. was born in 1957 in New York. He obtained an M.D. from Duke University, Durham. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston. He established his own research lab at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and became a full professor at Harvard Medical School in 2002. He is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute since 1998.

Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe was born in 1954 in Lancashire, United Kingdom. He studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He established an independent research group at Oxford University and became a full professor in 1996. He is the Director of Clinical Research at Francis Crick Institute, London, Director for Target Discovery Institute in Oxford and Member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.

Gregg L. Semenza was born in 1956 in New York. He obtained his B.A. in Biology from Harvard University, Boston. He received an MD/PhD degree from the University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia in 1984 and trained as a specialist in pediatrics at Duke University, Durham. He did postdoctoral training at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore where he also established an independent research group. He became a full professor at the Johns Hopkins University in 1999 and since 2003 is the Director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019:-The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 was awarded "for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth's place in the cosmos" with one half to James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology", the other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz  for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star."

   James Peebles        Michel Mayor    Didier Queloz

James Peebles, born 1935 in Winnipeg, Canada. Ph.D. 1962 from Princeton University, USA. Albert Einstein Professor of Science at Princeton University, USA.

Michel Mayor, born 1942 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Ph.D. 1971 from University of Geneva, Switzerland. Professor at University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Didier Queloz, born 1966. Ph.D. 1995 from University of Geneva, Switzerland. Professor at University of Geneva, Switzerland and University of Cambridge, UK.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 :- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 was awarded jointly to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino "for the development of lithium-ion batteries." The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 rewards the development of the lithium-ion battery. This lightweight, rechargeable and powerful battery is now used in everything from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles. It can also store significant amounts of energy from solar and wind power, making possible a fossil fuel-free society.

      John B. Goodenough      M. Stanley Whittingham    Akira Yoshino

John B. Goodenough, born 1922 in Jena, Germany.  Ph.D. 1952 from the University of Chicago, USA. Virginia H.  Cockrell Chair in Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, USA.

M. Stanley Whittingham, born 1941 in the UK. Ph.D.  1968 from Oxford University, UK. Distinguished Professor at Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA.

Akira Yoshino, born 1948 in Suita, Japan.  Ph.D. 2005 from Osaka University, Japan. Honorary Fellow at Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan and professor at Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2019:- The Nobel Peace Prize 2019 was awarded to Abiy Ahmed Ali "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea."

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2019 to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea. The prize is also meant to recognise all the stakeholders working for peace and reconciliation in Ethiopia and in the East and Northeast African regions.

     Abiy Ahmed Ali  (Ethiopian Prime Minister)

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019:- The research conducted by this year’s Laureates has considerably improved our ability to fight global poverty. In just two decades, their new experiment-based approach has transformed development economics, which is now a flourishing field of research.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 to

Abhijit Banerjee
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Esther Duflo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Michael Kremer
Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”

    Michael Kremer           Esther Duflo                    Abhijit Banerjee

Abhijit Banerjee, born 1961 in Mumbai, India. Ph.D. 1988 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.

Esther Duflo, born 1972 in Paris, France. Ph.D. 1999 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.

Michael Kremer, born 1964. Ph.D. 1992 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019:-

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019 was awarded to Peter Handke "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."

              Olga Tokarczuk                               Peter Handke

The Nobel Prizes in Literature for 2018 and 2019:-

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018

 is awarded to the Polish author

Olga Tokarczuk (2018)

“for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author

Peter Handke (2019)

“for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.”

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